carboxylic acid, benzoic acid and acid chloride full pdf notes for class 12 |NEB|organic chemistry|

Sumit Rajak December 05, 2022

Here,in this post you will gets the notes of "properties and preparation of CARBOXYLIC ACID, BENZOIC ACID and ACID CHLORIDE" and all the organic conversion which is related about Carboxylic Acid , Benzoic Acid and Acid Chloride.

Carboxylic acids:

Carboxylic acids are organic compounds that contain a carboxyl functional group (-COOH) attached to a carbon atom. They are weak acids that are characterized by their sharp and sour taste, as well as their pungent odor. The carboxyl group imparts acidic properties to the molecule and makes it highly polar. Carboxylic acids are widely used in the chemical industry as intermediates in the production of a variety of chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and polymers.

Benzoic acid:

Benzoic acid is a carboxylic acid that has a benzene ring attached to the carboxyl group. It is a white crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and has a strong, pungent odor. Benzoic acid is used as a food preservative due to its ability to inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungi. It is also used in the production of a variety of chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, dyes, and perfumes.

Acid chlorides:

Acid chlorides are organic compounds that contain a carboxyl functional group (-COOH) attached to a chlorine atom. They are highly reactive compounds that are used as intermediates in the production of a variety of chemicals, including pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and polymers. Acid chlorides are formed by the reaction of a carboxylic acid with thionyl chloride or phosphorus pentachloride. They can undergo a variety of reactions, including nucleophilic addition, acylation, and esterification.

Reactions of Carboxylic acids:

Carboxylic acids can undergo a variety of chemical reactions due to the presence of the carboxyl functional group. They can be converted into esters by the reaction with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst. Carboxylic acids can also be reduced to form aldehydes and primary alcohols, or to form secondary alcohols by the reaction with lithium aluminum hydride. Carboxylic acids can undergo nucleophilic substitution reactions with nucleophiles such as amines, alcohols, and cyanide ions.

Reactions of Benzoic acid:

Benzoic acid can undergo a variety of chemical reactions due to the presence of the carboxyl functional group and the benzene ring. It can be converted into esters by the reaction with alcohols in the presence of an acid catalyst. Benzoic acid can also be reduced to form benzaldehyde by the reaction with sodium borohydride. It can undergo electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions, such as nitration and halogenation, on the benzene ring.

Reactions of Acid chlorides:

Acid chlorides are highly reactive compounds that can undergo a variety of chemical reactions. They can be converted into esters by the reaction with alcohols in the presence of a base catalyst. Acid chlorides can also undergo nucleophilic addition reactions with nucleophiles such as amines, alcohols, and cyanide ions. They can also be hydrolyzed to form carboxylic acids in the presence of water or alcohol. Acid chlorides can undergo acylation reactions, which involve the substitution of a carbonyl group with an acyl group, such as the Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction.

In summary, carboxylic acids, benzoic acid, and acid chlorides are important organic compounds with diverse applications in the chemical industry. They have unique properties due to the presence of the carboxyl functional group and the benzene ring in benzoic acid. These compounds can undergo a variety of chemical reactions, including esterification, reduction, nucleophilic substitution and etc.

You can download the pdf file by clicking download button icon. Share it with your friends.keep learning.Thank you.