Here,in this post you will gets the complete notes of "benzene" chapter for class 12.
Benzene is a colorless, highly flammable liquid with a sweet odor that is widely used as a precursor to many industrial chemicals. It is a cyclic hydrocarbon with six carbon atoms and six hydrogen atoms arranged in a hexagonal ring. The chemical formula of benzene is C6H6.
History of Benzene:
Benzene was first discovered in 1825 by the English scientist Michael Faraday, who isolated a colorless liquid from a gas that was produced from whale oil. In 1834, the German chemist Eilhard Mitscherlich named the substance benzene, after the resin benzoin, which has a similar sweet odor.
Properties of Benzene:
Benzene has a number of unique physical and chemical properties that make it a useful and important chemical. It is a highly stable molecule due to the delocalization of its electrons, which are spread evenly across the six carbon atoms. This makes it very resistant to oxidation and other chemical reactions.
Benzene is also highly soluble in many organic solvents, such as alcohol and ether, but it is relatively insoluble in water. It has a high vapor pressure and a low boiling point, which makes it highly volatile and flammable. Benzene is also a good conductor of electricity, and it can be used as a solvent in a number of chemical reactions.
Production of Benzene:
Benzene is produced primarily from petroleum, which contains small amounts of benzene and other aromatic hydrocarbons. It is also produced from coal and natural gas. The main method for producing benzene is through a process known as catalytic reforming, which involves the use of a catalyst to break down the hydrocarbons in petroleum and other feedstocks.
Uses of Benzene:
Benzene is used primarily as a precursor to many industrial chemicals, such as plastics, synthetic fibers, rubber, and other materials. It is also used in the production of detergents, pharmaceuticals, and other chemicals. Benzene is an important solvent in many industrial processes, and it is used as a solvent for fats, oils, and resins.
Benzene is also used as a fuel additive and as a starting material in the production of high-octane gasoline. It is a common component of gasoline, and it is added to gasoline to increase its octane rating, which improves its performance and reduces engine knocking.
Hazards of Benzene:
Benzene is a highly toxic substance that poses a number of health risks. Exposure to benzene can cause a variety of health problems, including cancer, blood disorders, and reproductive problems. It is also highly flammable and explosive, and it poses a serious fire hazard. In addition, benzene is a major contributor to air pollution, and it is regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as a hazardous air pollutant.
Conclusion:
Benzene is an important and widely used chemical that plays a critical role in many industrial processes. Its unique physical and chemical properties make it a versatile and valuable chemical, but it also poses significant health and safety risks. The hazards of benzene have led to increased regulation and safety precautions in its handling and use, and ongoing research continues to investigate its effects on human health and the environment.
Here, you will get the complete notes of benzene chapter for class 12 chemistry (NEB NEW COURSE) in pdf design.
This pdf contains all the physical and chemical properties of benzene , preparation of benzene and all the chemical reaction conversation related to the benzene chapter.Share it with your friends.keep learning.Thank you.
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