Here,in this post you will gets the pdf notes of "1st Law of Thermodynamics" chapter of class 12.
The first law of thermodynamics is a fundamental law of physics that governs the behavior of energy in a closed system. It is also known as the law of conservation of energy. According to this law, energy cannot be created or destroyed; it can only be converted from one form to another. In other words, the total energy of a closed system remains constant.
The first law of thermodynamics can be stated mathematically as:
∆U = Q - W
Where:
∆U = change in internal energy of the system
Q = heat added to the system
W = work done by the system
This equation is also known as the energy balance equation or the first law equation.
The internal energy of a system is the sum of the kinetic and potential energies of all its particles. Heat is a form of energy that is transferred from a higher temperature region to a lower temperature region. Work is the energy transferred to or from a system due to an external force.
The first law of thermodynamics can be understood by considering the example of a gas in a piston-cylinder system. When heat is added to the gas, the gas molecules gain kinetic energy and move faster, resulting in an increase in internal energy. If the gas expands and does work on the piston, the internal energy of the system decreases. On the other hand, if the gas is compressed and work is done on the gas, the internal energy of the system increases.
The first law of thermodynamics has important implications for many areas of science and engineering. For example, it is essential for understanding the behavior of engines, power plants, refrigeration systems, and chemical reactions. It also plays a crucial role in understanding the behavior of stars and other celestial bodies.
The first law of thermodynamics is closely related to the concept of energy conservation, which is a fundamental principle of physics. Energy conservation states that the total energy of a closed system remains constant. The first law of thermodynamics is a specific application of the principle of energy conservation to thermodynamic systems.
In summary, the first law of thermodynamics is a fundamental law of physics that governs the behavior of energy in a closed system. It states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, only converted from one form to another. The law has important implications for many areas of science and engineering and is closely related to the principle of energy conservation.
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